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Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn (Read 734 times)
Trip510
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Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Mar 26th, 2012, 8:22am
 
Any help here would be appreciated.
I have tried to include as much info as I could.

Lately I have had a large amount of foam on the aeration basin (tan in color, large bubbles). Also been having sludge rising in the clarifiers. Started wasting and this alleviated some of the foaming but not all.
Influent enters the plant, goes through screening and grit removal, poly aluminum chloride is added for phosphorus reduction. Then to anoxic zone where ras is mixed in. Flows into EQ tank and then to aeration basins. DO set point in basins is 2.0mg/l, avg DO leaving the aeration basin is 1.8.

0.3 MGD Extended Aeration Plant. Avg daily flow has been 0.18 gpd.
60,000 gallon anoxic tank (EQ tank#1 converted to anoxic zone)
60,000 gallon EQ Tank#2.
2 - 150,000 gallon oval aeration basins. Aerators are paddle style controlled by SCADA via LDO probes.
2 - 30ft diameter clarifiers, 12ft deep. Scraper has a revolution time of about 10 min.
RAS from each clarifier at 100% speed all the time, 145gpm is split 85% to the Anoxic zone/15% to the aeration basins.


Inf. BOD 270, TSS 250, DO <1.0, TKN 140

Eff. pH7.01,BOD 12, TSS 9.0, Total P 0.7, Ammonia 0.41, TKN 8.6, NO2+NO3 as N 74

MLSS#1 3400, 30 min settle 500, SVI 154, F/M 0.097, Sludge Age 11.2 days, pH 6.99, temp 12c, alkalinity 150

MLSS#2 3100, 30 min settle 500, SVI 173, F/M 0.108, Sludge Age  9.5 days, pH 6.95, temp 12c, alkalinity 148

Clarifier Depth of Blanket 1.0ft - 1.2ft
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #1 - Mar 26th, 2012, 8:48am
 
Have you done or had done a good microscopy exam to ensure filamenteous are not present?  If not, that would be my first suggestion.  If the exam is clean then try reducing the RAS rate of the pumps from 100% to 90% for a few days.  You mention the sludge blanket rising but you have 1' in each clarifier, what was your blanket depth prior to the foaming?  Typically with a foaming issue as described you have a filament problem.  Have you recently accepted septage from a new source?  

Dallas
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Have a great day,

Dallas
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #2 - Mar 26th, 2012, 9:48am
 
Thanks Dallas, I don not have the equipment to do a good microscopy, looking in the area to find a lab that can. Unfortunately I cannot reduce the RAS rate, only where it goes. Looking at upgrades in the near future to be able to adjust RAS rate. No new source on the septage. Blanket of 1 has been pretty normal throughout, even before foaming.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #3 - Mar 26th, 2012, 10:57am
 
From the high amount of nitrate leaving your plant this sounds like a denitrification problem to me. You may be somewhat BOD limited to accomplish this and a carbon source may be needed in your anoxic zone.

Check your personal messages.

best regards,

Ryan
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #4 - Mar 26th, 2012, 11:04am
 
Since your sludge blanket is already very low (increase RAS even more if you are able to, which it sounds like isn't possible), another option is to increase the DO on the back end right before the clarifier. You won't get denitrification in the clarifier if you have enough free dissolved oxygen. In some cases, this is the least expensive fix. Don't be afraid to go high, this won't impact the biology. It's worth a shot.

Are there seperate RAS streams/ clarifiers for each aeration basin?



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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #5 - Mar 26th, 2012, 1:51pm
 
It could just be me today, but, your EQ basin ought to be before the anoxic tank.  You might have twice as much sludge in the clarifiers as you ought to, so increasing your return rate could help out alot on the rising sludge issue.  My apologies, I did not see that your pumps aren't adjustable.  Perhaps all of the return ought to run through the anoxic basin?

~Eric
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #6 - Mar 26th, 2012, 2:09pm
 
good catch Eric- if that's really how the flow goes he has no real EQ tank, just two anoxic zones in series.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #7 - Mar 26th, 2012, 2:48pm
 
An easy way to lower your RAS flow is to throttle the suction valve on the on the RAS pump. A typical return rate is 60-85% of the influent. The numbers you provide seem to have extremely high detention times through out the plant. IE... most clarifies have a detention time of 1.5 hrs or less. based upon the numbers your total clarifies volume is 126,830 gals and total flow is influent + RAS which is 270 gpm. the detention time would be 7.7 hrs. This might be why you are denitrifing in the basin.  I calculated the SVI based upon the info you provided and i got an SVI of 147 not 154. I think i could help you but I need a little more info. I hope this helps out.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #8 - Mar 26th, 2012, 4:10pm
 
You could potentially try taking the other clarifier offline (this will reduce retention time as long as your settling cooperates)



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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #9 - Mar 26th, 2012, 5:16pm
 
What is your MLVSS ppm. I don't think your F/M is that high. From my experience when you get a tan foaming issue with large bubbles.  The F/M is rather low. Double check the numbers and I am sure we can figure it out.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #10 - Mar 27th, 2012, 7:11am
 
Due to piping and tank config, the EQ tank set up was the only way to create an anoxic zone for ammonia removal.

We have tried throttling back on the ras pumps before but it then caused the pump to rag-up and the pump had to be cleaned at least once per week.

The MLVSS is running about 700ppm below the MLSS #'s

The SVI number I provided was a monthly average, the last actual number I have was 144.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #11 - Mar 27th, 2012, 9:10am
 
Hi there, i currently have the exact same problem and i get this problem a couple of times a year. I have looked up various solutions for this but have never found a quick cure. But today i have got rid of all foam in my Aeration basins and clarifiers and have got my sludge to settle also. First of all i dosed (all at once) approx 10 litres of sodium hypochlorite 15% into my RAS chamber. I then got an empty IBC (1000 ltrs) tank. I mixted up a poly mixture with water of 100 litres approx poly with 900 ltrs water. Mixed for 1 hour. Transferred into IBC. I dosed into the RAS chamber. Im not joking, within 2.5 hours, my sludge has settled brialliantly and all my foam has dissapeared from AT's. Will test effluent later
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #12 - Mar 27th, 2012, 10:50am
 
Well, I think you should you need to find out was your setting curve is. Do a sett test reading every 5mins until 30 min mark and a reading every 10 mins there after to at least you get two or three reading the same number. what you want to find out is how long just it take for the sludge to sett completely. From that number you can find out what your target RAS ppm will be. Keep an eye on the settlomiter and time when the sludge in the starts to rise. What ever this time is you want your RAS detention time to less then that time.  You can also do a diluted settbility take some Sec Eff and blend it with MLSS and do at different ratios but the first one do 50:50 mike and see what the number is. This will show if the your SVI is hi form bulking sludge.

I noticed Eff nitrates are a little high. I think you can  lower your luxury D.O by .25 ppm.  If you have the ability you can cycle the blowers to do a cycle of nitrification and a cycle of denitrification.  Another thing to  look it is the how well the mixing in the anoxic zone is And do you monitor the ORP in the anoxic zone.

As to the use of polymer. At the plant I currently work at we do use it and it allows you to control every aspect of the settling of the sludge. we don't use all the time but it is there if we need to use it. It makes the Clarifiers look awesome. I don't see a problem using it to get the control back over the plant if a problems arises. But it is costly if used all the time.
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #13 - Mar 27th, 2012, 1:04pm
 
I think we're getting a little carried away here.

keep it simple

step 1. Identify the problem (do a microscopy of the foam- is this filamentous or from denitrification. If denitrification the flocs will be much larger in the foam than in the MLSS/ that's the giveaway).

If it's denitrification (which it sounds like it is) you have a few options. Denitrify in your anoxic zone with an external carbon source (vinegar is a good one)/ or try to keep free dissolved oxygen in the clarifier and get the sludge out of there ASAP.

Running a lower SRT to prevent nitrification in the first place is another option, but this depends on what the permit requires.

Let's not bomb this thing with chlorine yet. Use a little common sense first.

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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #14 - Mar 28th, 2012, 3:58am
 
Just to add, i didnt go and bomb it with chlorine, i knew it was Nocardia. Sorry should have mentioned that. But i have had this problem many times before (Nocardia) and you can look on various places for solutions (reduce SRT, adjust DO, scrape foam off surface, adjust RAS, add external bacteria cultures etc.) and there are none. I have spend weeks washing tanks , adjusting parameters and anyone who has dealt with this will know that its not easy to beat. The poly and hypo has worked for me. Just also to note that my clarifiers look crystal clear this morning. Id love to hear of a quicker solution or any other at all
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Re: Rising Sludge in Clarifiers, Foam in Aeration Basn
Reply #15 - Mar 28th, 2012, 12:32pm
 
chlorine is sometimes effective with nocardia control (unless it's within the floc)/ cationic polymer is known to work to bring the nocardia foam back into the floc where it can be wasted out.  Your advice is sound if it's nocardia. I'm currently advising a client to do the same thing with the cationic polymer to the RAS line at 1 mg/L............................

We don't know the cause of the foam at this point. If it's simply denitrification, then chlorine won't help.

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