Tag: composites

Introduction As municipal and industrial treatment plants face increasingly stringent regulatory limits for PFAS, microplastics, heavy metals, and trace pharmaceuticals, engineers are discovering the limitations of conventional polymeric membranes and granular activated carbon (GAC). To achieve higher permselectivity while reducing the severe energy penalties of high-pressure reverse osmosis (RO), plant designers must look to the […]

1. INTRODUCTION In the municipal and industrial water and wastewater sectors, the battle against corrosion is a primary driver of capital expenditure and maintenance operational costs. Traditional materials such as carbon steel, galvanized steel, and even aluminum often degrade rapidly when exposed to the aggressive chemical and biological environments found in treatment facilities. Hydrogen sulfide […]