Introduction One of the most persistent paradoxes in water and wastewater engineering is the requirement to design for future capacity while operating in present-day reality. Engineers are tasked with sizing systems for “Build-out Year 2045” peak flows, yet these systems must function reliably on “Day 1” when flows may be a fraction of the design […]
Introduction The movement of dewatered biosolids, screenings, and grit is often the final bottleneck in modern treatment facilities. While headworks and biological processes receive significant engineering attention, the conveyance of “cake” solids remains a frequent source of operational headaches, from housekeeping nightmares to complete mechanical failures. Engineers tasked with facility upgrades often face a critical […]