Tag: Mixed Matrix Membranes

INTRODUCTION For decades, municipal and industrial water treatment facilities have relied on conventional polymeric membranes—primarily polyethersulfone (PES), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and thin-film composite (TFC) polyamides—for microfiltration, ultrafiltration, and reverse osmosis. While these conventional materials revolutionized the industry, they are fundamentally constrained by the permeability-selectivity tradeoff (often referred to as the Robeson upper bound), high susceptibility […]

Pervaporation for Water Purification: A Comprehensive Guide   Introduction   Water is an indispensable and irreplaceable resource that sustains life on Earth. With increasing global population, industrialization, and climate change, the availability of clean drinking water has become a critical issue. Addressing this challenge requires innovations in water purification technologies. Among various methods, pervaporation has […]