Tag: Data Integrity

Introduction In the municipal and industrial water sector, data integrity is the bedrock of process control. Yet, a surprisingly high percentage of plant alarms—estimated by some automation audits to be over 40%—are nuisance alarms caused not by process failures, but by instrumentation drift, fouling, or improper specification. For the design engineer or plant superintendent, the […]

1. Introduction Automation in the municipal water and wastewater sector serves as the central nervous system of critical infrastructure. Unlike discrete manufacturing, where systems function in controlled environments with predictable cycles, water and wastewater automation must contend with geographically dispersed assets, variable biological loading, hydraulic non-linearities, and harsh operating conditions. For consulting engineers, plant managers, […]