INTRODUCTION In municipal water distribution and wastewater treatment, the vertical turbine pump (VTP) is a workhorse, valued for its efficiency and small footprint. However, when paired with Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs) without rigorous thermal and mechanical analysis, these systems frequently suffer from premature failure. A surprising industry statistic suggests that up to 30% of vertical […]
Introduction In municipal water distribution and treatment plant design, the butterfly valve is often treated as a commodity specification—a “set and forget” component. However, statistical data from utility asset management plans suggests that valve failure during critical isolation events (such as main breaks) occurs in approximately 15-20% of aged assets. The cost of a seized […]