Tag: integrated
1. Introduction In the hydraulic architecture of municipal and industrial water systems, automatic valves function as the primary logic gates for hydraulic control. Unlike isolation valves (gate, butterfly, ball) which are static in their operation (either open or closed), automatic valves are dynamic, modulating devices designed to regulate pressure, flow, level, or surge conditions autonomously. […]
1. INTRODUCTION In the complex hydraulic architecture of municipal water and wastewater treatment plants, water control gates serve as the primary mechanism for flow isolation, level control, and directional diversion. Unlike pumps or blowers, which are active energy consumers, control gates are often passive static equipment until called upon. However, their role is foundational to […]
Introduction: The Role of Flow Control Infrastructure in Municipal Systems In the hydraulic architecture of municipal water and wastewater treatment plants, water control gates serve as the primary mechanisms for flow isolation, modulation, and diversion. Unlike standard process valves which typically handle pressurized flow within piping networks, control gates—ranging from heavy-duty cast iron […]
1. INTRODUCTION In the architecture of municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment, chemical feed and storage systems function as the critical control points for process efficacy and regulatory compliance. Unlike passive infrastructure, these systems are dynamic, requiring precise manipulation of fluid chemistry to achieve coagulation, flocculation, disinfection, pH adjustment, and odor control. […]
1. INTRODUCTION In the context of biological wastewater treatment, “Aeration Equipment” encompasses a broad spectrum of machinery designed to facilitate oxygen transfer and maintain solids suspension within bioreactors. While diffused air systems are common, mechanical aeration and large-scale process mixing—driven by Propeller and Axial Flow technologies—remain critical for oxidation ditches, surface aeration applications, and internal […]
Introduction to Split Case Pumps in Water and Wastewater Infrastructure In the hierarchy of municipal and industrial hydraulic machinery, the split case pump stands as the predominant choice for high-flow, low-to-medium head applications. Characterized by a casing that is split parallel to the shaft axis (axially split) or perpendicular to it (radially split), this pump […]
Long Term PFAS Solutions: Ensuring Safe Water for Future Generations Introduction Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), often referred to as "forever chemicals," remain a pressing environmental and public health concern. Recent data indicates that an estimated 200 million Americans may be drinking water contaminated with PFAS at levels above the newly proposed EPA standards. As […]
PFNA in Water: Understanding the Risks and Solutions Introduction Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) has increasingly become a focus of concern among environmental engineers, public health officials, and regulatory agencies. This stubborn chemical, part of the broader class of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), poses significant risks to drinking water sources and, consequently, human health across various […]
Water Treatment Plant PFAS Upgrades: Navigating the Path to Enhanced Safety and Compliance Introduction As of July 2025, the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water supplies has emerged as a critical public health concern, necessitating immediate technological and regulatory responses. PFAS, often dubbed "forever chemicals," are notorious for their persistence in the […]
PFAS and Water Softeners: Understanding the Implications for Water Treatment Introduction As water quality emerges as a pressing global concern, the presence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in water supplies has become a contentious issue. These "forever chemicals," resistant to degradation and linked to various health risks, have led to significant regulatory scrutiny and […]