Tag: challenge
Introduction The safety and structural integrity of anaerobic digesters rely entirely on the precise management of internal pressures. For decades, the specification of gas safety equipment has largely been a binary choice in the North American market. Engineers evaluating Varec Biogas (Ovivo) vs Shand & Jurs for Digestion applications are navigating a landscape defined by […]
Introduction to Ozone System Engineering Ozone generation is one of the most chemically potent yet operationally complex technologies in the water treatment arsenal. Unlike UV or chlorination, ozone is generated on-site, requiring a sophisticated integration of power supply, gas preparation, cooling thermodynamics, and mass transfer mechanics. For municipal and industrial engineers, the challenge is rarely […]
1. Introduction Water softening is a critical unit process in both municipal water treatment and industrial process water preparation. It addresses the presence of dissolved calcium, magnesium, and other polyvalent cations that constitute “hardness.” For municipal consulting engineers and utility decision-makers, the selection of water softening systems is rarely a simple procurement exercise; it is […]
1) INTRODUCTION In the design of municipal water and wastewater infrastructure, the management of fluid dynamics and headspace containment represents a critical intersection of hydraulics, structural engineering, and environmental control. One of the most frequent trade-off analyses engineers face—particularly in surge control and storage applications—involves choosing between active pressurized containment and passive atmospheric covering. This […]
Complete Guide to Reverse Osmosis Filtration Systems Are you curious about how a reverse osmosis filtration system can transform your water quality? In this complete guide, we’ll explore the ins and outs of reverse osmosis technology, including its benefits, applications in both municipal and wastewater treatment, and essential components of these advanced water purification systems. […]
Introduction In the municipal water and wastewater treatment sector, the handling of hazardous gases remains one of the most critical safety challenges facing plant operators and engineers. While alternative disinfection methods such as ultraviolet (UV) light and on-site hypochlorite generation have gained traction, the use of gaseous chlorine (Cl2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3) […]
Introduction In municipal and industrial water treatment, flow measurement is arguably the single most critical variable for process control, yet it remains a primary source of operational inefficiency. It is estimated that flow measurement errors contribute significantly to the 20-30% of Non-Revenue Water (NRW) losses seen in many aging distribution systems. Furthermore, in wastewater treatment, […]
INTRODUCTION In municipal water and wastewater treatment, the failure of a chemical feed system is rarely a minor inconvenience; it is often a reportable event. According to industry reliability studies, chemical dosing failures account for a significant percentage of process upsets, leading to disinfection by-product (DBP) violations, coagulation failures, or pH excursions. For the design […]
Introduction Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) systems represent a definitive convergence of biological wastewater treatment and advanced membrane filtration. In the landscape of municipal and industrial wastewater management, MBR technology has transitioned from a niche solution for difficult-to-treat effluents to a standard unit process for facilities requiring high-quality effluent, water reuse capabilities, or significant footprint reductions. At […]
INTRODUCTION One of the most persistent challenges in municipal and industrial treatment plant design is the “Proprietary vs. Custom” dilemma. Engineers frequently encounter this when selecting equipment for specialized unit processes—such as high-rate clarification, tertiary filtration, or anaerobic digestion auxiliaries. A surprising statistic from lifecycle audits reveals that while proprietary high-rate systems can reduce civil […]