Tag: Municipal Water Treatment
Introduction In the design of municipal water treatment plants and industrial wastewater facilities, the butterfly valve is often treated as a commodity item. This assumption—that “a valve is just a valve”—is a primary driver of unexpected operational expenditure (OPEX) and premature system failure. Engineers frequently encounter scenarios where a valve specified for general isolation fails […]
1. Introduction Mixing equipment serves as the kinetic heart of municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment facilities. Unlike passive components such as piping or static storage, mixers are dynamic machines responsible for facilitating chemical reactions, maintaining solids suspension, blending disparate fluid streams, and optimizing heat transfer. In the context of consulting engineering and plant […]
Introduction In the hydraulic architecture of municipal water treatment plants (WTP) and wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), mud valves perform a critical, albeit frequently obscured, function. Located at the lowest points of sedimentation basins, clarifiers, flocculation tanks, and reservoirs, these valves are responsible for the gravity draining of accumulated sludge, silt, and process fluids. Unlike flow […]
1. Introduction Filtration systems represent a critical unit process in both municipal water treatment and wastewater resource recovery facilities. As regulatory limits for turbidity, suspended solids, phosphorus, and pathogens tighten, the reliance on advanced filtration technologies has intensified. In the context of potable water, filtration serves as the primary barrier against protozoan cysts (Giardia and […]
1. INTRODUCTION In the architecture of municipal and industrial water and wastewater treatment, chemical feed and storage systems function as the critical control points for process efficacy and regulatory compliance. Unlike passive infrastructure, these systems are dynamic, requiring precise manipulation of fluid chemistry to achieve coagulation, flocculation, disinfection, pH adjustment, and odor control. […]
Comprehensive Overview of PFAS Public Notification Requirements Introduction The emergence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) as pervasive environmental contaminants has triggered significant regulatory and public health concerns. PFAS, often dubbed "forever chemicals," are characterized by their resistance to degradation in the environment and the human body. The urgency surrounding their detection in drinking water […]
PFAS Treatment Residuals: Managing the Challenges and Opportunities Introduction Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have garnered significant attention in recent years due to their widespread environmental impact and potential health risks. As stringent regulations emerge and public awareness rises, the management of PFAS treatment residuals has become a critical focus for environmental engineers, municipal directors, […]
Anion Exchange vs GAC: A Comprehensive Analysis of Water Treatment Solutions Introduction In the ever-evolving landscape of water treatment technologies, the need for effective contaminant removal has become paramount. With public health concerns and regulatory frameworks driving innovation, understanding the optimal methods for removing specific impurities is crucial for water treatment professionals. Among the prominent […]
Sodium Hypochlorite Disinfection: Chemistry and Application in Water Treatment Chemical Properties of Sodium Hypochlorite When it comes to disinfecting water, sodium hypochlorite is like that overachieving student in class — always raising its hand to answer questions and impress everyone with its capabilities. But what exactly makes this compound so effective? Let’s break down the […]
PFAS in Effluent: Understanding, Mitigating, and Regulating Forever Chemicals in Wastewater Introduction Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged as a critical environmental concern due to their widespread use and persistent presence in water bodies. As of July 30, 2025, the regulatory landscape surrounding PFAS has intensified, requiring municipal water treatment facilities and industrial operations […]